1、Cracking
Localized shrinkage and concentration of thermal stresses caused by reaction with penetrants to produce a low-density phase that transfers with volume change and reheating.
Localized concentration of gas bubbles, concentration of mechanical and thermal stresses on the structure, anisotropy of thermal stresses and modulus of elasticity of the phase.
Precipitation and mechanical shock caused by gas phase reaction.
2. The presence or generation of localized high melting degree, high vapor pressure or low viscosity phases.
3, Losses due to wear and tear.
Refractory material damage in use can be summarized in three basic forms
1、Mechanical and thermal stresses on the structural body result in damage to the refractory work lining due to irregular pecuniary cracks (thermal and mechanical spalling or detachment).
2, the structure of the refractory material due to slag infiltration and hot surface (work surface) temperature fluctuations and changes, resulting in the formation of a unique metamorphic layer, in the original layer and the metamorphic layer of the intersection of the interface with the heating surface parallel to the cracks (structural spalling) and damage.
3, refractory materials and metal melt, slag, soot reaction and dissolution wear is mainly caused by the liquid phase of the work surface layer melting.
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