Comprehensive Guide To Metallic Silicon Powder
Manufacturing Process
A. Raw Materials:
Quartz (SiO₂) as primary source
Carbon reductants (petroleum coke, coal, wood chips)
B. Production Methods:
Carbothermic Reduction (Electric Arc Furnace):
SiO₂ + C → Si + CO₂ (at 1,800-2,000°C)
Produces metallurgical grade silicon (98-99% purity)
Purification Processes:
Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD): For electronic grade
Zone Refining: Ultra-high purity (99.9999%+)
Hydrochlorination: Produces trichlorosilane (SiHCl₃) intermediate
Powder Production Techniques:
Mechanical grinding (for coarse powders)
Jet milling (for fine/ultrafine powders)
Plasma atomization (for spherical powders)
Chemical synthesis (for nano powders)
Technical Specifications
A. Chemical Composition:
| Grade | Si Content | Fe | Al | Ca | Other Impurities |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metallurgical | 98-99% | ≤0.5% | ≤0.5% | ≤0.3% | ≤0.5% |
| Chemical | 99-99.5% | ≤0.4% | ≤0.4% | ≤0.2% | ≤0.3% |
| Electronic | ≥99.9999% | ≤1ppm | ≤1ppm | ≤1ppm | B/P ≤0.1ppm |
B. Physical Properties:
Particle size: 10nm-500μm (customizable)
Bulk density: 0.5-1.5 g/cm³
Surface area: 1-50 m²/g (BET)
Morphology: Angular, spherical, or porous
C. Industry Standards:
GB/T 2881 (China)
ASTM C989 (USA)
SEMI F57 (Semiconductor grade)
ISO 9286 (International)
Major Applications
A. Metallurgy (60% of global demand):
Deoxidizer in steel production
Alloying agent for aluminum alloys (automotive wheels, engine blocks)
Ferrosilicon production
B. Electronics (High-purity grades):
Semiconductor wafers (300mm+ diameter)
Photovoltaic cells (mono/polycrystalline silicon)
Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology
C. Chemical Industry:
Silicones production (sealants, medical implants)
Silanes (coupling agents for composites)
Fumed silica (reinforcing filler)
D. Energy Storage:
Lithium-ion battery anodes (10-20% Si/C composites)
Solid-state battery research
E. Advanced Materials:
Silicon carbide ceramics (abrasives, armor)
Refractories (steel ladles, kiln furniture)
Metal matrix composites (aerospace components)
F. Emerging Uses:
3D printing powders
Quantum dot synthesis
Hydrogen storage materials
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